The Layers tab in the left panel controls how the map draws each kind of object, the underlay, and the results layers. Nothing here changes the model; the settings are saved in your preferences and the next session opens the same way.
One row per kind — rain gages, subcatchments, junctions, outfalls, dividers, storage units, conduits, pumps, orifices, weirs, outlets, labels — with:
All on, All off and Defaults act on the whole list.
Both are the storm-sewer workspace's drawing aids, placed by their
own scaling and not stored in the .inp. The model's own
georeferenced image — SWMM's [BACKDROP], placed from a
world file — is a separate thing, controlled from View → Backdrop (§3.9).
Empty until a run has finished, then:
Which variable colours the map, the class breaks, playback and the query tool are in the Results view (chapter 10); the layers tab only switches the overlay. With the overlay on, the map you edit is the map that shows the results, so a node's colour and its Properties are one click apart.